In a groundbreaking development, scientists in China have successfully transmitted data over 1,200 kilometers of optical fiber at an astonishing speed of 1 terabit per second (Tbps). What sets this achievement apart is the encryption of the data at the level of light itself, marking a significant advancement in secure communication technology.
Led by Professor Lilin Yi at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the research team developed an Integrated Encryption and Communication System (IEAC) that seamlessly integrates encryption directly into the optical signal. Unlike conventional encryption methods that operate at the software layer, this technique encrypts the carrier light signal itself, not just the message, offering enhanced protection against data interception on optical lines.
The innovative system employs an AI-based method known as geometric constellation shaping (GCS). This involves high-speed random number generators producing a unique light pattern for each data packet, creating a distinct “optical fingerprint” for every transmission. This approach ensures encryption occurs at the physical level, rendering the data nearly impervious to external interference.
During testing, the system simulated real-world conditions including dispersion, noise, and optical distortion, as the signal traveled through the fiber loop. Using 32 GBd signals with dual polarization across 26 channels in the 3.9 THz C-band, the team achieved a net data rate of 1 Tbps, maintaining a bit error rate below 2×10-2.
One of the most remarkable features of the IEAC system is its compatibility with existing optical infrastructure. Unlike systems based on quantum key distribution (QKD) or chaotic encryption, which require specialized hardware, the IEAC can often be implemented with a simple software update. This makes it a highly attractive option for budget-conscious internet service providers and government agencies seeking to enhance national communications security.
The research team anticipates that this technology could transform global data transmission, impacting data centers, cloud services, and the upcoming 6G infrastructure. The potential for enhanced security and efficiency in data communications promises a new era of technological advancement.
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